8. Appeal
8.1 Grounds for appeal
The general rule is that a party may appeal to the court of second instance (“Tribunal da Relação”) when the value of the lawsuit is higher than EUR5,000 and the decision is unfavourable to the appealing party in an amount higher than EUR2,500.01 (Cf. Article 629 of the CPC). The court of second instance decides both on legal and factual issues.
A party may appeal to the Supreme Court when the value of the lawsuit is higher than EUR30,000 and the decision is unfavourable to the appealing party in an amount higher than EUR15,000.01.
The Supreme Court only rules on legal issues and, in most cases, cannot revoke the second instance judgment concerning the proven facts.
In most cases the parties cannot move to the Supreme Court if the first and the second instance courts have issued identical decisions with similar grounds.
The general rule is that the appeal does not suspend the proceedings unless the appealing party pays a deposit or presents a bank guarantee.
8.2 Time limits and triggering events
The general rule is that the appealing party has 30 days to appeal to the higher court in the event that the appeal is to the court of second instance (Cf. Article 638 of the CPC). If the appeal includes the impeachment of the proven facts through a review of the recorded witnesses or party statements, then the appealing party has 40 days to appeal.
However, in some specific cases (e.g. freezing orders) the appealing party has only 15 days to appeal.
The defendant in the appeal always has the same term to present an answer.
The first instance court will then decide whether the appeal should be accepted. If it is accepted, the case is sent to the higher court.
On the basis of historic evidence, it is estimated that the second instance courts take on average between six months and one year to decide an appeal, and that the Supreme Court will take on average three to six months to issue a final decision.
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