I forgot to mention the statute of limitations for civil cases but defamation laws are a bit more complicated in Portugal.
Some interesting facts in this https://ipi.media/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PortugalCriminalDef_IPI_ENG.pdf
I've not had time as yet to give the linked document an in-depth read, Misty.
"Briefing:Criminal Defamation in Portugal" It looks informative.
For example: one of the two reasons given for holding the working visit (Conference?) in Portugal is outlined as
Quote2. An unusually high number of condemnations of Portugal at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) for violations of Art. 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, many of which concerned the application of defamation laws.
https://ipi.media/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PortugalCriminalDef_IPI_ENG.pdfInterestingly the IPI ( International Press Institute) notes that defamation is a criminal offence in Portugal which carries with it jail terms.
Certainly bound to be of interest and concern to a body which bills itself as "IPI: Defending Press Freedom for 65 Years"
I've only had a cursory glance but I've picked up on the fact that what we have considered a civil matter might actually have been a criminal one.
QuoteIn Portugal, as in other continental European countries, the system of “private prosecution” appears to resemble
civil action, and is even often referred to informally as such.
However, there are important differences.
First, regardless of whether prosecutions are public or private, punishments (including imprisonment) will still be criminal in nature, i.e., backed by the state.
This is in contrast with civil damage awards, which involve exchanges between private parties.
Second, criminal defamation cases in Portugal offer the plaintiff a financial advantage, as numerous lawyers and journalists pointed out during IPI’s visit.
A plaintiff in a Portuguese civil court, in addition to paying his or her lawyer, must pay two rounds of expensive court fees before proceedings begin, thus offering a certain degree of protection against unfounded suits.
In a criminal court, by contrast, a plaintiff is liable for a fee after proceedings but only if he or she loses the case.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------It is necessary to point out here that Portuguese courts have been condemned by the ECHR for violating freedom of expression in 12 criminal defamation cases since 2005.
https://ipi.media/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PortugalCriminalDef_IPI_ENG.pdfMight the weight of that knowledge have influenced the appeal court judges to rule in favour of the freedom of expression which has brought Portugal back to the ECHR?