Fowler:
"In my professional opinion, the complex just described of the lower entrance and two abrasions is consistent with the rifle not having a silencer."
What complex is he referring to? He is referring to Vanezis' description of the non-fatal wound.

Vanezis decided both wounds had abrasion collars and described such in his report, though he failed to mention the size of the collars. An abrasion collar is formed around an entrance wound by the bullet scraping against the skin. Push you finger into you skin and watch it indent around your finger. The skin does that when a bullet strikes and thus instead of just making a hole the skin around the hole brushes against the sides of the bullet and becomes bruised. The wounds also had some blackening which is consistent with contact and intermediate gunshots.

Vanezis wrote:
"The lower wound was situated on the right side of the neck, 2" below the upper wound and slightly more later. It measured 1/4" in diameter, had slight bruising at the edges as well as apparent residue marks. The surrounding skin area was also bruised."
Fowler read Vanezis' report and decided that to him slight bruising and residue marks amounts to Vanezis finding a muzzle imprint. If Vanezis found a muzzle imprint he would have stated it, a bullet abrasion collar (the bruising) and residue marks (sooting) is very different from a muzzle imprint. So Fowler decided he knows what Vanezis meant better than Vanezis himself just by reading the report not based on Fowler independently inspecting and evaluating the wound. Fowler decided that there was two rings around the wound that amounted to a muzzle imprint. Where did he get the BS about 2 rings? He is counting the slight bruising around the edges of the entrance wound as 1 ring and the bruising beyond the edges of the entrance wound as another ring and says this is a muzzle imprint from a barrel.
Did he see the wound in person? No Did he see good closeups? No he decided Vanezis description is a muzzle imprint though Vanezis himself just saw a bullet abrasion ring.
Worse yet he declared that he muzzle imprint is consistent with the barrel of the rifle as opposed to a muzzle imprint of the moderator even though Vanezis provided no measurement of the size of the bruising only the size of the entrance wound itself. Mind you this wound was not even determined to be a contact wound. It was the fatal wound that was determined to for sure be a contact wound.
The fatal wound was described as follows:
"The upper wound was situated 1 3/4" below and to the right side of the point of the chin. It measured 3/16" in diameter and had slight bruising and residue marks surrounding it."
So the fatal wound- the contact wound- doesn't mention 2 sets of bruises. So the fatal wound doesn't lend itself to the warped interpretation he provided for the non-fatal wound.
Fowler had no basis at all to make the claims he did. He just made up the notion that there was a muzzle imprint and that the muzzle imprint that he made up was consistent with the muzzle of the rifle not the moderator.
It happens all the time with supposed experts. They say whatever the person who pays them would like to hear without regard to reality.
All 3 of them have egg on their face and that is why the COA doesn't consider their claims to have any value at all.
It would be like me writing that I witnessed a red sports car run a red light and crash into a black BMW but then someone saying, "based on his description of events the black BMW driver was at fault for getting in the way of the sportscar."
Vanezis is the one who saw the wounds and would be in a position to decide what he saw. Fowler was didn't look at the wounds and thus in no position to contradict Vanezis and decide that what Vanezis saw wasn't a bullet abrasion collar but rather a muzzle imprint.
A muzzle imprint CAN only happen during the course of a contact wound being delivered but doesn't ALWAYS happen. Thus when there is a muzzle imprint it is useful evidence of what weapon was used but the absence of a muzzle imprint doesn't mean a wound wasn't a contact wound because a muzzle imprint is not always left.
There was no muzzle imprint discovered on Sheila by Vanezis. The wounds had bullet abrasion collars and some sooting, that's it. Jeremy's defense team got some experts to make up that the description of the lower wound sounded to them like a muzzle imprint of the barrel. If Vanezis had found a muzzle imprint not only would he have noted it he would have used such as a basis to say the lower wound was definitely a contact wound because a muzzle imprint is only left by contact wounds.
So Fowler's claims are little more than BS.
Now if Vanesis had assessed in his report that there was a muzzle imprint and that the diameter of the imprint was 1/2" that could potentially implicate the barrel of the rifle sans moderator. But if the rifle were pressed tight into the skin there would be additional larger rings around that from the threading. This was not apparent from the pig skin tests because aside from the fact pig skin doesn't behave exactly like living human tissue, the pig skin tests featured skin just handing like rugs so it would give. Pushing into a human neck would result in the threads touching the neck skin.
So a muzzle imprint from the rifle itself would feature a 1/2" imprint with one or more larger rings around it.
A muzzle imprint from the moderator could feature a ring from just the hole or a ring from the entire face. The hole was roughly 3/8" in diameter and entire face was roughly 13/16" in diameter. So the difference in diameter between the entire face of the moderator and the muzzle of the rifle (ignoring the threads) is only 5/16". So even if there were a muzzle imprint the only way to try differentiating would be very careful measuring of the diameter. No muzzle imprint was described so Vanezis didn't find one to measure but even if Vanezis found one if he didn't describe the measurements and simply noted he found a muzzle imprint that would be useless because the main differentiation would be to look for a difference of 5/16" of an inch. Uneven things on a gun often leave tell tale marks such as sights, and the threads I discussed. The face of the moderator was flat so would have nothing likely to leave any such marks. The rifle had the threaded barrel and iron sights that potentially could have left a mark so would be something else to look for. Nothing is described that fits as a muzzle imprint of the gun or the moderator though.
My most simple challenge to anyone who wants to use Fowler's assessment is how can he say there was a muzzle imprint of the diameter of 1/2" based on the quotes posted above from Vanezis? Where did Vanezis describe anything related to the non-fatal wound as being 1/2" in diameter? The only numbers he provided was that the entrance wound itself was 1/4" in diameter. He provided no measurements related the how far the bruising extended or the sooting. So how could Fowler decide the bruising had a diameter of 1/2" as opposed to 13/16"? He lacked the ability to make such a conclusion since Vanezis didn't provide the measurement.
Not only did Fowler decide that Vanezis erroneously assessed a muzzle imprint to be a bullet abrasion collar, he decided he knew the size though Vanezis didn't provide the measurement of the abrasion collar.
Anyone wanting to read more about the forensics invovled can do so here:
http://www.forensicmed.co.uk/wounds/firearms/gunshot-wounds-rifled-weapons/30