Kate McCann: I believe kidnapper drugged my twins night Madeleine was taken.

[stephen25000]

' Sedation in under 19s: using sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
 
 Clinical guideline [CG112] Published date: December 2010


1 Guidance
1.1 Pre‑sedation assessment, communication, patient information and consent
1.2 Fasting
1.3 Psychological preparation
1.4 Personnel and training
1.5 Discharge criteria
1.6 Painless imaging
1.7 Clinical environment and monitoring
1.8 Painful procedures
1.9 Dental procedures
1.10 Endoscopy
The following guidance is based on the best available evidence and consensus of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) members. The full guideline gives details of the methods and evidence used to develop the guidance.

1.1 Pre‑sedation assessment, communication, patient information and consent

1.1.1 Ensure that trained healthcare professionals (see section 1.4) carry out pre‑sedation assessments and document the results in the healthcare record.
1.1.2 Establish suitability for sedation by assessing all of the following:
current medical condition and any surgical problems

weight (growth assessment)

past medical problems (including any associated with previous sedation or anaesthesia)

current and previous medication (including any allergies)

physical status (including the airway)

psychological and developmental status.

1.1.3 Seek advice from a specialist before delivering sedation:
if there is concern about a potential airway or breathing problem

if the child or young person is assessed as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 3[4] or greater

for infants, including neonates.

1.1.4 Ensure that both the following will be available during sedation:
a healthcare professional and assistant trained (see section 1.4) in delivering and monitoring sedation in children and young people

immediate access to resuscitation and monitoring equipment (see section 1.5).

1.1.5 Choose the most suitable sedation technique based on all the following factors:
what the procedure involves

target level of sedation

contraindications

side effects

patient (or parent or carer) preference.

1.1.6 To enable the child or young person and their parents or carers to make an informed decision, offer them verbal and written information on all of the following:
proposed sedation technique

the alternatives to sedation

associated risks and benefits.

1.1.7 Obtain and document informed consent for sedation.
1.2 Fasting

1.2.1 Before starting sedation, confirm and record the time of last food and fluid intake in the healthcare record.
1.2.2 Fasting is not needed for:
minimal sedation

sedation with nitrous oxide (in oxygen)

moderate sedation during which the child or young person will maintain verbal contact with the healthcare professional.

1.2.3 Apply the 2‑4‑6 fasting rule[5] for elective procedures using any sedation technique other than those in recommendation 1.2.2 (that is, apply the 2‑4‑6 fasting rule for deep sedation and moderate sedation during which the child or young person might not maintain verbal contact with the healthcare professional).
1.2.4 For an emergency procedure in a child or young person who has not fasted, base the decision to proceed with sedation on the urgency of the procedure and the target depth of sedation.
1.3 Psychological preparation

1.3.1 Ensure that the child or young person is prepared psychologically for sedation by offering information about:
the procedure

what the child or young person should do and what the healthcare professional will do

the sensations associated with the procedure (for example, a sharp scratch or numbness)

how to cope with the procedure.

1.3.2 Ensure that the information is appropriate for the developmental stage of the child or young person and check that the child or young person has understood the information.
1.3.3 Offer parents and carers the opportunity to be present during sedation if appropriate. If a parent or carer decides to be present, offer them advice about their role during the procedure.
1.3.4 For an elective procedure, consider referring to a mental health specialist children or young people who are severely anxious or who have a learning disability.
1.4 Personnel and training

1.4.1 Healthcare professionals delivering sedation should have knowledge and understanding of and competency in:
sedation drug pharmacology and applied physiology

assessment of children and young people

monitoring

recovery care

complications and their immediate management, including paediatric life support.

1.4.2 Healthcare professionals delivering sedation should have practical experience of:
effectively delivering the chosen sedation technique and managing complications

observing clinical signs (for example, airway patency, breathing rate and depth, pulse, pallor and cyanosis, and depth of sedation)

using monitoring equipment.

1.4.3 Ensure that members of the sedation team have the following life support skills:
Minimal sedation a

Moderate sedation

Deep sedation

All members

Basic

Basic

Basic

At least one member

Intermediate

Advanced

a Including sedation with nitrous oxide alone (in oxygen) and conscious sedation in dentistry.

1.4.4 Ensure that a healthcare professional trained in delivering anaesthetic agents[6] is available to administer:
sevoflurane

propofol

opioids combined with ketamine.

1.4.5 Healthcare professionals delivering sedation should have documented up‑to‑date evidence of competency including:
satisfactory completion of a theoretical training course covering the principles of sedation practice

a comprehensive record of practical experience of sedation techniques, including details of:

sedation in children and young people performed under supervision

successful completion of work‑based assessments.

1.4.6 Each healthcare professional and their team delivering sedation should ensure they update their knowledge and skills through programmes designed for continuing professional development.
1.4.7 Consider referring to an anaesthesia specialist a child or young person who is not able to tolerate the procedure under sedation.
1.5 Discharge criteria

1.5.1 Ensure that all of the following criteria are met before the child or young person is discharged:
vital signs (usually body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate) have returned to normal levels

the child or young person is awake (or returned to baseline level of consciousness) and there is no risk of further reduced level of consciousness

nausea, vomiting and pain have been adequately managed.

1.6 Painless imaging

1.6.1 Do not routinely use ketamine or opioids for painless imaging procedures[6].
1.6.2 For children and young people who are unable to tolerate a painless procedure (for example, during diagnostic imaging) consider one of the following drugs, which have a wide margin of safety[6]:
chloral hydrate for children under 15 kg

midazolam.

1.6.3 For children and young people who are unable to tolerate painless imaging with the above drugs, consider one of the following, used in specialist techniques, which have a narrow margin of safety (see section 1.4)[6]:
propofol

sevoflurane.

1.7 Clinical environment and monitoring

1.7.1 For moderate sedation excluding with nitrous oxide alone (in oxygen) continuously monitor, interpret and respond to changes in all of the following:
depth of sedation

respiration

oxygen saturation

heart rate

pain

coping

distress.

1.7.2 For deep sedation continuously monitor, interpret and respond[7] to changes in all of the following:
depth of sedation

respiration

oxygen saturation

heart rate

three‑lead electrocardiogram

end tidal CO2 (capnography)[8]

blood pressure (monitor every 5 minutes)[8]

pain

coping

distress.

1.7.3 Ensure that data from continuous monitoring during sedation are clearly documented in the healthcare record.
1.7.4 After the procedure, continue monitoring until the child or young person:
has a patent airway

shows protective airway and breathing reflexes

is haemodynamically stable

is easily roused.

1.8 Painful procedures

1.8.1 For children and young people undergoing a painful procedure (for example suture laceration or orthopaedic manipulation), when the target level of sedation is minimal or moderate, consider:
nitrous oxide (in oxygen) and/or

midazolam (oral or intranasal)[6].

1.8.2 For all children and young people undergoing a painful procedure, consider using a local anaesthetic, as well as a sedative.
1.8.3 For children and young people undergoing a painful procedure (for example, suture laceration or orthopaedic manipulation) in whom nitrous oxide (in oxygen) and/or midazolam (oral or intranasal) are unsuitable consider[6]:
ketamine (intravenous or intramuscular), or

intravenous midazolam with or without fentanyl (to achieve moderate sedation).

1.8.4 For children and young people undergoing a painful procedure (for example suture laceration or orthopaedic manipulation) in whom ketamine (intravenous or intramuscular) or intravenous midazolam with or without fentanyl (to achieve moderate sedation) are unsuitable, consider a specialist sedation technique such as propofol with or without fentanyl[6].
1.9 Dental procedures

1.9.1 For a child or young person who cannot tolerate a dental procedure with local anaesthesia alone, to achieve conscious sedation consider:
nitrous oxide (in oxygen) or

midazolam[6].

If these sedation techniques are not suitable or sufficient, refer to a specialist team for an alternative sedation technique.

1.10 Endoscopy

1.10.1 Consider intravenous midazolam to achieve minimal or moderate sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy[6].
1.10.2 Consider fentanyl (or equivalent opioid) in combination with intravenous midazolam to achieve moderate sedation for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy[6].

[4] The ASA physical status classification system (grades 1–6) is a system to classify and grade a patient's physical status before anaesthesia.

[5] Fasting times should be as for general anaesthesia: 2 hours for clear fluids; 4 hours for breast milk; 6 hours for solids.

[6] At the time of publication (December 2010), no drugs have a UK marketing authorisation specifically for sedation in all ages of infants, children and young people under 19. The prescriber should follow relevant professional guidance, taking full responsibility for the decision, and using a drug's summary of product characteristics and the British national formulary for children. Informed consent should be obtained and documented. See the General Medical Council's Good practice in prescribing and managing medicines and devices for further information.

[7] For deep sedation, a healthcare professional should be involved only in continuously monitoring, interpreting and responding to all of the above.

[8] End tidal CO2 and blood pressure should be monitored, if possible, provided that monitoring does not cause the patient to awaken and so prevent completion of the procedure. '

https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG112/chapter/1-Guidance#clinical-environment-and-monitoring

[Mr Gray]

Kate will be aware of all of this but nowhere does she say the twins were unresponsive so nothing you have posted is relevant

[stephen25000]

As is fact.

There is no mention in the statements of the Mccann's, their associates, or the Police, of checking the mccann's two other children.

It wasn't done.

The question remains why.

One possible reason, as to why the Mccann's didn't insist on having their children tested, even days later is eminently obvious.

[Mr Gray]

As is fact.

There is no mention in the statements of the Mccann's, their associates, or the Police of checking the children.

It wasn't done.

The question remains why.

One possible reason, as to why the Mccann's didn't insist on having their children tested, even days later is eminently obvious.

More speculation based on your biased opinion

[stephen25000]

Not speculation.

FACT.

IT WASN'T IN ANY OF THE STATEMENTS.

[Mr Gray]

Not speculation.

FACT.

IT WASN'T IN ANY OF THE STATEMENTS.

Kate checked the children

[G-Unit]

What about Fiona Payne?  You claim she did nothing wrong but no doubt if you'd been there you'd have taken charge and insisted the twins were taken to hospital, right?

I said, in reply to your 'malpractice' comment that she wasn't responsible for the care of the children. I meant she did nothing wrong in that legal sense.

If someone told me that they feared their children had been sedated with a unknown substance by an unknown assailant I would try to impress upon them that the children needed to be examined. I would have no right to insist on anything

[stephen25000]

Cite the statement where Kate Mccann  stated she checked her children.

N.B. The book and and any subsequent comments made months later are irrelevant, and it cannot be independently verified, she did any such thing.

[Robittybob1]

http://www.mccannpjfiles.co.uk/PJ/SILVIA_BATISTA.htm
"She went there to meet them.
When she came close to the elements of the GNR she found that behind her was
Gerry, Madeleine's father, accompanied by another man whose identity she doesn't remember. Then Gerry kneeled down, hit the floor with both hands, positioning himself as if he were a praying Arab, and screamed twice of anger, what he said being impossible to understand."
and
"At that time Gerry was on the
ground on his knees, he hit the ground with both his hands, looking like an Arab at prayer, and
emitted two screams of rage [fury, madness] but she could not understand what he said."
Basically two versions of the same.

What were other situations of discrimination you mentioned?

[Mr Gray]

Cite the statement where Kate Mccann  stated she checked her children.

N.B. The book and and any subsequent comments made months later are irrelevant, and it cannot be independently verified, she did any such thing.

Kate has confirmed she checked the twins breathing
Fact

[stephen25000]

CITE the proof she did.

Where is the verification she did ?

Hearsay is irrelevant.

[G-Unit]

Kate will be aware of all of this but nowhere does she say the twins were unresponsive so nothing you have posted is relevant

She didn't use the actual word, but she says;

In spite of the noise and lights and general pandemonium, they hadn’t stirred. They’d always been sound sleepers, but this seemed unnatural.
Madeleine

Two children sleeping unnaturally deeply. So deeply that she checked 'for signs of life'. SIGNS OF LIFE. That sounds horrific, because it allows for the possibility that she would find no signs of life next time she 'wandered' into the room. 

I can think of no reason why the children weren't checked for responsiveness. It's such an obvious thing to do and very strange that it wasn't done.

[Mr Gray]

CITE the proof she did.

Where is the verification she did ?

Hearsay is irrelevant.

So after many pages of saying Kates actions of checking the twins breathing was not sufficient you don't even accept that
Lol
The cite is the book
If you don't accept it that's up to you but a cite has been provided

[Mr Gray]

She didn't use the actual word, but she says;

In spite of the noise and lights and general pandemonium, they hadn’t stirred. They’d always been sound sleepers, but this seemed unnatural.
Madeleine

Two children sleeping unnaturally deeply. So deeply that she checked 'for signs of life'. SIGNS OF LIFE. That sounds horrific, because it allows for the possibility that she would find no signs of life next time she 'wandered' into the room. 

I can think of no reason why the children weren't checked for responsiveness. It's such an obvious thing to do and very strange that it wasn't done.

If she didn't use that word then the twins should not be referred to as unresponsive

[G-Unit]

She wasn't the only doctor in the room able to observe and monitor the twins - "they were fine" said Fiona Payne - was her assessment unsatisfactory too?

Fiona said Kate went in to check the twins. Fiona wasn't in the bedroom. She said it was weird, but was that in hindsight? They were fine is more hindsight, they were fine the day after.