Almost...
Libel is a published untruth. The libeler's untruths themselves are considered to constitute damage to the person being libeled.
In other words, after having established untruths, one need not go on to establish that damage was caused - merely in issuing a libelous statement, damage is considered to have been done.
At least this is what I understand from the 'dictionary definition'. Perhaps a lawyer could clarify here.
Having said that, in this case there is a complication, namely that the McCanns aren't only claiming damage to their personal reputations, but damage to the search, an additional point that is not a matter of logic or jurisprudence, but, presumably, a matter of establishing further facts.
I've read these exchanges with interest. I should stress, I am no lawyer and Jean Pierre is the one who could write authoritatively on this subject.
But it does seem that there are variations. In England, there is no separate and discrete requirement to establish
damage, only to establish that statements that are untrue or (UK) not
proved true, also lower reputation.
There can also be libel arising from statements that require special knowledge.
It wouldn't ordinarily be libel to congratulate someone on being pregnant, even if untrue. But if the woman is single and has a reputation for preaching the virtues of chastity and against sex before marriage, the statement would be libel
And truthful statements that are not placed in context can also be libel.
If you say that someone was tried for the crime of
burglary (and that is true) you can be guilty of libel if you don't add (assuming that to be the case) that they were
acquitted, because people might think that the charge remains unresolved.
All that is English law.
From proceedings in Portugal, and judging by the way Isabel Duarte has structured her case, there does seem to be a separate and distinct requirement to establish
damage.
That seems to be why Isabel has begun by seeking to establish that Kate was driven to a point of near suicide by the course of events.